Démystifier l'impératif participatif: 3 pistes pour opérationnaliser la participation

Comment implémenter un dispositif de participation citoyenne pour votre territoire et par où commencer ? Dans cette capsule, nous vous proposons de passer en revue 3 points essentiels auxquels être attentifs. Ceux-ci vous aideront à bien démarrer votre réflexion, mais aussi à maximiser les chances que vos citoyens prennent part à celui-ci.FEDER Wal-E-Citie

Patient-specific modelling in orthopedics: from image to surgery

In orthopedic surgery, to decide upon intervention and how it can be optimized, surgeons usually rely on subjective analysis of medical images of the patient, obtained from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound or other techniques. Recent advancements in computational performance, image analysis and in silico modeling techniques have started to revolutionize clinical practice through the development of quantitative tools, including patient#specific models aiming at improving clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. Anatomical and surgical landmarks as well as features extraction can be automated allowing for the creation of general or patient-specific models based on statistical shape models. Preoperative virtual planning and rapid prototyping tools allow the implementation of customized surgical solutions in real clinical environments. In the present chapter we discuss the applications of some of these techniques in orthopedics and present new computer-aided tools that can take us from image analysis to customized surgical treatment

Serial FEM/XFEM-Based Update of Preoperative Brain Images Using Intraoperative MRI

Current neuronavigation systems cannot adapt to changing intraoperative conditions over time. To overcome this limitation, we present an experimental end-to-end system capable of updating 3D preoperative images in the presence of brain shift and successive resections. The heart of our system is a nonrigid registration technique using a biomechanical model, driven by the deformations of key surfaces tracked in successive intraoperative images. The biomechanical model is deformed using FEM or XFEM, depending on the type of deformation under consideration, namely, brain shift or resection. We describe the operation of our system on two patient cases, each comprising five intraoperative MR images, and we demonstrate that our approach significantly improves the alignment of nonrigidly registered images

Quantifying Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Rural Northern Tanzania

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of veterinary, public health and economic significance in most developing countries. Human brucellosis is a severely debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment with a combination of antibiotics. The disease can result in permanent and disabling sequel, and results in considerable medical expenses in addition to loss of income due to loss of working hours. A study was conducted in Northern Tanzania to determine the risk factors for transmission of brucellosis to humans in Tanzania. This was a matched case-control study. Any patient with a positive result by a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) test for brucellosis, and presenting to selected hospitals with at least two clinical features suggestive of brucellosis such as headache, recurrent or continuous fever, sweating, joint pain, joint swelling, general body malaise or backache, was defined as a case. For every case in a district, a corresponding control was traced and matched by sex using multistage cluster sampling. Other criteria for inclusion as a control included a negative c-ELISA test result and that the matched individual would present to hospital if falls sick. Multivariable analysis showed that brucellosis was associated with assisted parturition during abortion in cattle, sheep or goat. It was shown that individuals living in close proximity to other households had a higher risk of brucellosis. People who were of Christian religion were found to have a higher risk of brucellosis compared to other religions. The study concludes that assisting an aborting animal, proximity to neighborhoods, and Christianity were associated with brucellosis infection. There was no association between human brucellosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serostatus. Protecting humans against contact with fluids and tissues during assisted parturition of livestock may be an important means of reducing the risk of transferring brucellosis from livestock to humans. These can be achieved through health education to the communities where brucellosis is common

On the Disruptive Potential of 3D Printing

peer reviewedThis chapter seeks to describe a variety of contexts in which 3D printing technologies are expected to emerge over the next 15 years and exert their so-called disruptive potential. We first provide a brief introduction to 3D printing and we explain how it actually works. Then, we describe the paradigmatic change allowed by 3D printing in the industrial sector with a shift toward mass customisation. In particular, we focus on the biomedical sector, which is an interesting case in point because of the important number of innovations and the growth of 3D printed biomedical parts, a trend that is expected to continue in the future. To account for the dramatic, transversal, and transformative potential that 3D printing has in that whole sector, we first concentrate on 3D printing of biomedical instruments and implants for patients and, second, on additive bio- manufacturing of human tissues and organs. Then, we address the expectations raised by 3D printing to empowering users in non-industrial domains (such as in fabrication laboratories or with desktop 3D printers at home). In the last section, we turn to discussing the impact of 3D printing on the governance actors and we raise important issues for further research in the political economy of 3D printing technologies

Les démarches centrées usagers: comment s'en emparer ?

Largement répandues aujourd’hui, les approches centrées usagers que l’on retrouve au coeur de la philosophie des Living Labs et des autres procédés d’innovation itératifs, bouleversent jusqu’à la culture des entreprises et des administrations. Ponctuée de partage d’expériences concrètes et de regards transversaux, cette rencontre-conférence vous permettra de mieux cerner comment vous emparer de ces démarches inclusives. Evolutives dans l’implication des usagers, elles ouvrent un large champ des possibles qui seront explorés, pour transformer vos façons d’innover

On the disruptive potential of 3D printing

peer reviewedAgainst the background of narratives fuelling big promises on the disruptive potential of 3D printing, this chapter seeks to describe a variety of contexts in which 3D printing technologies are expected to emerge over the next 15 years and exert their so-called disruptive potential. In the section 2, we first provide a brief introduction to 3D printing and we explain how it actually works. Next, in section 3, we describe the paradigmatic change allowed by 3D printing in the industrial sector with a shift toward mass-customization. In particular, we focus on the biomedical sector (section 3.1.), which is an interesting case in point because of the important number of innovations and the growth of 3D printed biomedical parts, a trend which is expected to continue in the future. To account for the dramatic, transversal, and transformative potential that 3D printing has in that whole sector, we first concentrate on 3D printing of biomedical instruments and implants for patients (section 3.1.1.) and, second, on additive bio- manufacturing of human tissues and organs (section 3.1.2.). Then, in the subsequent section 4 we address the expectations raised by 3D printing to empowering users in non-industrial domains (e.g. in fabrication laboratories or with desktop 3D printers at home). In section 5, we turn to discussing the impact of 3D printing on the governance actors and we raise important issues for further research in the political economy of 3D printing technologies. The chapter posits that 3D printing, and its governance, are closely associated with more participatory means of manufacturing (and of decision- making, through various governance structures) – but that, as things currently stand, such openness and participation does not play out in practice. There is a distinction between the rhetoric and reality of 3D printing, as one might expect in the case of newly emerging technologies